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Nickel enhances stainless steels corrosion resistance, high-temperature performance, and strength, enabling its use in demanding applications.
Nickel's high energy density and electrical conductivity make it an essential component in electric vehicle batteries and renewable energy infrastructure
Nickel is essential for construction because of the strength, durability, corrosion resistance, resilience, safety, and aesthetics of stainless steel.
“Overall mineral demand from electric vehicles in the SDS grows by nearly 30 times between 2020 and 2040, with demand for lithium and nickel growing by around 40 times”
- International Energy Agency 2021
NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) and NMA (Nickel Manganese Aluminum) are two leading cathode chemistries that leverage nickel to enhance EV battery performance:
“Mineral demand for storage in the SDS grows by over 30 times between 2020 and 2040, with demand for nickel and cobalt growing by 140 times and 70 times respectively”- International Energy Agency 2021
USA mines less than 1% of global nickel annyally, while NATO allies mine less than 10%. The USA is taking action to reduce nickel supply chain dependence on China & Indonesia:
The Energy Act of 2020 defines a “critical mineral” as a non-fuel mineral or mineral material essential to the economic or national security of the U.S. and which has a supply chain vulnerable to disruption.5
NATO countries are currently dependent on Indonesia for supply and China for processing:
US Government Pressures Automakers:4
Year | Battery Rqmt | Critical Mineral Rqmt |
---|---|---|
2024 | 60% | 50% |
2025 | 60% | 60% |
2026 | 70% | 70% |
2027 | 80% | 80% |
2028 | 90% | 80% |
2029+ | 100% | 80% |